What Should I Know About Gum Disease?
Gum disease is a common oral health condition that affects many people, often without obvious symptoms in the early stages. Because it can progress quietly, some patients are unaware of the problem until it becomes more serious.
This article explains what gum disease is, how it develops, and the steps that can help prevent it.
What Gum Disease Is
Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. It begins when plaque builds up along the gumline.
If plaque is not removed through regular brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings, it can harden into tartar and irritate the gums.
Common Causes of Gum Disease
The primary cause of gum disease is plaque buildup. Plaque contains bacteria that can inflame and infect gum tissue.
Other factors that may increase risk include inconsistent oral hygiene, smoking, certain medical conditions, and changes in hormone levels.
The Early Stage: Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. At this stage, gums may appear red, swollen, or bleed during brushing or flossing.
Gingivitis is often reversible with improved oral hygiene and professional dental care.
Advanced Stages of Gum Disease
If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to more advanced forms of gum disease. In later stages, the gums may pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can grow.
Advanced gum disease can affect the bone supporting the teeth and may eventually lead to tooth loss.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms of gum disease can include bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, gum tenderness, and changes in how teeth fit together.
Because symptoms may be mild or absent early on, regular dental exams are important for detection.
How Gum Disease Is Prevented
Preventing gum disease focuses on controlling plaque buildup. Daily brushing and flossing play a key role in keeping gums healthy.
Routine dental cleanings and exams help remove tartar and allow dentists to monitor gum health over time.
Why Early Detection Matters
Detecting gum disease early makes treatment more manageable and helps protect long-term oral health.
Early care can reduce the risk of progression and support healthier gums and teeth.
Maintaining Healthy Gums Over Time
Healthy gums are essential to overall oral health. Consistent preventive care and awareness of changes can help patients maintain gum health.
Understanding gum disease empowers patients to take steps that support long-term dental wellness.
Common Questions About Gum Disease
Is gum disease common?
Yes. Gum disease affects many adults and often begins without noticeable symptoms.
Can gum disease be reversed?
Early-stage gum disease, known as gingivitis, can often be reversed with proper oral hygiene and professional care.
Does gum disease cause pain?
Gum disease does not always cause pain, especially in the early stages. This is why regular dental exams are important.
How often should gums be checked?
Gum health is typically evaluated during routine dental exams and cleanings.
What happens if gum disease is left untreated?
If untreated, gum disease can progress and may lead to gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss.
Expert Review
Reviewed by: Dr. Kevin Hayes, DMD
Dr. Kevin Hayes has over 40 years of experience monitoring and treating gum health as part of comprehensive dental care. He earned his Doctor of Medical Dentistry (DMD) degree from the University of Kentucky in 1986.
For articles focused on gum disease and prevention, Dr. Hayes reviews content to ensure accuracy around periodontal health, early detection, and preventive dental care.
Professional Affiliations:
- American Dental Association
- Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry
- Tennessee Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry
